The Kingdom of Spain or Spain
(Spanish and Galician: Reino de España or España:
Catalan: Regne d'Espanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma)
is a country located in the southwest of Europe.
It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal,
Gibraltar and Andorra. To the northeast, along the Pyrenees
mountain range, it borders France
and the tiny principality of Andorra. It includes the
Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary
Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the cities of Ceuta and
Melilla in north Africa, and a number of uninhabited islands
on the Mediterranean side of the strait of Gibraltar,
known as Plazas de soberanía, such as the Chafarine
islands, the "rocks" (es: peñones) of
Vélez and Alhucemas, and the tiny Isla Perejil
(disputed). In the Northeast along the Pyrenees, a small
exclave town called Llívia, integral part of Spain
and Catalonia, is surrounded by French territory.
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Living in Spain
Spain's climate can be divided in four areas:
The Mediterranean: mostly temperate
in the eastern and southern part of the country; rainy
seasons are spring and autumn. Mild summers with pleasant
temperatures. Hot records: Murcia 47.2 ºC, Malaga
44.2 ºC, Valencia 42.5 ºC, Alicante 41.4 ºC,
Palma of Mallorca 40.6 ºC, Barcelona 39.8 ºC.
Low records: Gerona -13.0 ºC, Barcelona -10.0 ºC,
Valencia -7.2 ºC, Murcia -6.0 ºC, Alicante
-4.6 ºC, Malaga -3.8 ºC.
The interior: Very cold winters (frequent
snow in the north) and hot summers. Hot records: Sevilla
47.0 ºC, Cordoba 46.6 ºC, Badajoz 45.0 ºC,
Albacete and Zaragoza 42.6 ºC, Madrid 42.2 ºC,
Burgos 41.8 ºC, Valladolid 40.2 ºC. Low records:
Albacete -24.0 ºC, Burgos -22.0 ºC, Salamanca
-20.0 ºC, Teruel -19.0 ºC, Madrid -14.8 ºC,
Sevilla -5.5 ºC.
Northern Atlantic coast: precipitations
mostly in winter, with mild summers (slightly cold).
Hot records: Bilbao 42.0 ºC, La Coruña 37.6
ºC, Gijón 36.4 ºC. Low records: Bilbao
-8.6 ºC, Oviedo -6.0 ºC, Gijon and La Coruña
-4.8 ºC.
The Canary Islands: subtropical weather,
with mild temperatures (18 ºC to 24 ºC Celsius)
throughout the year. Hot records: Santa Cruz de Tenerife
42.6 ºC. Low records: Santa Cruz de Tenerife 8.1
ºC.
Most populous metropolitan areas:
Madrid
Barcelona
Valencia
Sevilla
Málaga
Administrative divisions of Spain
Andalusia (Andalucía)
Aragon (Aragón)
Principality of Asturias (Principáu d'Asturies
in Asturian/Principado de Asturias in Spanish)
Balearic Islands (Illes Balears in Catalan / Islas Baleares
in Spanish)
Basque Country (Euskadi in Basque/País Vasco
in Spanish)
Canary Islands (Islas Canarias)
Cantabria
Castile-La Mancha (Castilla-La Mancha)
Castile and Leon (Castilla y León in Spanish)
Catalonia (Catalunya in Catalan/Cataluña in Spanish/
Catalunha in Aranese)
Extremadura
Galicia (Galicia or Galiza in Galician)
La Rioja
Madrid
Murcia
Navarre (Nafarroa in Basque/Navarra in Spanish)
Valencia (Comunitat Valenciana in Valencian /Comunidad
Valenciana in Spanish, as official denominations).
The Spanish kingdom is also divided into 50 provinces
(provincias). Autonomous communities group provinces
(for instance, Extremadura is made of two provinces:
Cáceres and Badajoz). The autonomous communities
of Asturias, the Balearic Islands, Cantabria, La Rioja,
Navarre, Murcia, and Madrid are each composed of a single
province. Traditionally, provinces are usually subdivided
into historic regions or comarcas.
The Spanish Constitution, although affirming the sovereignty
of the Spanish Nation, recognizes historical nationalities.
The Castilian-derived Spanish (called both español
and castellano in the language itself) is the official
language throughout Spain, but other regional languages
are also spoken. Without mentioning them by name, the
Spanish Constitution recognizes the possibility of regional
languages being co-official in their respective autonomous
communities.
The following languages are co-official with Spanish
according to the appropriate Autonomy Statutes:
Catalan (català) in Catalonia
(Catalunya), the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) and
Valencia (València).
Basque (euskara) in Basque Country
(Euskadi), and parts of Navarre (Nafarroa). Basque is
not known to be related to any other language.
Galician (gallego) in Galicia (Galicia
or Galiza).
Occitan (the Aranese dialect). Spoken
in the Vall d'Aran in Catalonia.
Catalan, Galician, Aranese (Occitan) and Spanish (Castilian)
are all descended from Latin and have their own dialects,
some championed as separate languages by their speakers
(the Valencià of València, a dialect of
Catalan, is one example).
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