Norway is
a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian
Peninsula, bordering Sweden,
Finland and Russia,
with territorial waters bordering Danish
and British waters.
It has a very elongated form and has an extensive coastline
along the North Atlantic Ocean, where Norway's famous
fjords are found. The nearby island territories
of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are under Norwegian sovereignty
and are considered as part of Norway as a kingdom, while
Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean and Peter I
Island in the South Pacific Ocean are Norwegian dependencies,
which are not considered part of the kingdom.
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Living in Norway
The landscape is generally rugged and mountainous,
topped by glaciers, and its coastline of over 83,000
km [2] is punctuated by steep-sloped inlets known as
fjords, as well as a multitude of islands and islets.
The Northern part of the country is also known as the
Land of the Midnight Sun because of its northern location,
north of the Arctic Circle, where for part of each summer
the sun does not set, and in winter much of its land
remains dark for long periods.
The Norwegian population is 4.6 million and increases
by 0.4% per year (estimate July 2004). Ethnically most
Norwegians are Nordic / North Germanic, while small
minorities in the north are Finnish (see also Cwen).
The Sami are instead considered an indigenous people,
and traditionally live in the Northern parts of Norway,
Sweden, Finland and Russia. The largest concentration
of Sami people is, however, found in the Norwegian capital
of Oslo.
In recent years, immigration has accounted for more
than half the population growth, and 7.6% of the population
are immigrants as of 1 January 2004. Norway only takes
in a very limited number of asylum seekers and aims
to repatriate these people as quickly as possible. The
largest immigrant groups are Pakistanis, Danes, Swedes,
Vietnamese and Iraqis. (Here, immigrants are defined
as persons with two foreign-born parents [3].)
Approximately 86% of the inhabitants are members of
the Evangelic Lutheran Church of Norway (state church).
Other Christian societies total about 4.5% (the Evangelical
Lutheran Free Church, the Catholic Church, Pentecostal
congregations, the Methodist Church, etc.). Among non-Christian
religions, Islam is the largest in Norway with about
1.5%, and other religions are at less than 1% each.
About 1.5% belong to the secular Human Ethical Union.
As of 1 January 2003 approximately 5% of the population
are unaffiliated ([4]).
The Norwegian language has two official written forms,
called Bokmål and Nynorsk, which do not differ
greatly. Bokmål is written by almost 90% of the
population, although many speak dialects that differ
significantly from the written language. Nevertheless,
all of the Norwegian dialects are usually interintelligible.
Several Sami languages are spoken and written in the
northern regions by the Sami people. The Germanic Norwegian
language and the Finno-Ugric Sami languages are entirely
unrelated. However, the Finnish language bears some
similarities to the Sami language.
Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called
fylker (singular fylke) and 433 kommuner (singular kommune).
Fylke and kommune are officially translated to English
as county and municipality. The fylke is the intermediate
administration between state and municipality.
Akershus
Aust-Agder
Buskerud
Finnmark
Hedmark
Hordaland
Møre og Romsdal
Nordland
Nord-Trøndelag
Oppland
Oslo
Østfold
Rogaland
Sogn og Fjordane
Sør-Trøndelag
Telemark
Troms
Vest-Agder
Vestfold
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