Greece, officially
the Hellenic Republic, is a country in southern Europe
on the tip of the Balkan peninsula. It has land boundaries
with Bulgaria, the F.Y. Republic of Macedonia, and Albania
to the north; and with Turkey to the east. The waters
of the Aegean Sea border Greece to the east, and those
of the Ionian and Mediterranean Sea to the west and south.
Regarded by many as the cradle of Western civilization
and the birthplace of democracy, Greece has a long and
rich history during which its culture has proven especially
influential in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
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Living in Greece
According to a January 2003 study, Greece had a population
of 11,000,000 (stable non immigrant). Of those, 58.8%
lived in urban areas, whereas only 28.4% lived in rural
areas. The population of the two largest cities in Greece,
Athens and Thessaloniki, reached almost 5 million in
Athens while in Thessaloniki it was slightly over the
1 million. Although the overall population continues
to grow, Greece may be facing a serious demographic
problem. In 2002 the number of deaths surpassed the
number of births for the first time in Greece's modern
history.
Over one million immigrants live in Greece today, of
which 65% have come from Albania. Large-scale Albanian
migration to Greece since the fall of Communism in Albania
has become a source of controversy in Greece, exacerbated
by the lack of a coherent government policy on immigration.
A minority of Albanians are regularly implicated in
highly publicised criminal activities and, as a result,
Albanians in general are often stigmatised and can face
discrimination and exploitation in Greece. Nonetheless,
most Greeks nowadays recognise their contribution to
the Greek economy. Several prominent Greek sportsmen
immigrated to Greece as ethnic Greeks from Albania and
Georgia in the 1990s, including legendary weightlifters
Pyrros Dimas and Kakhi Kakhiashvili. Smaller numbers
of immigrants came from Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania. The
exact number remains unknown, since the majority live
illegally in Greece.
Greece has traditionally had various, if not numerous,
linguistic and cultural minorities. A non-comprehensive
list of these would include Pomaks, various Roma groups,
Turkic-speakers. A number of religious minorities exist,
with Muslims forming the largest group.
Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known
as peripheries, which subdivide further into the 51
prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos):
Attica:
Attica
Central Greece:
Boeotia
Euboea
Evrytania
Phocis
Phthiotis
Central Macedonia
Chalcidice
Imathia
Kilkis
Pella
Pieria
Serres
Thessaloniki
Crete
Chania
Heraklion
Lasithi
Rethymno
East Macedonia and Thrace
Drama
Evros
Kavala
Rhodope
Xanthi
Epirus
Arta
Ioannina
Preveza
Thesprotia
Ionian Islands
Corfu
Kefalonia
Lefkada
Zakynthos
North Aegean
Chios
Lesbos
Samos
Peloponnese
Arcadia
Argolis
Corinthia
Laconia
Messinia
South Aegean
Cyclades
Dodecanese
Thessaly
Karditsa
Larissa
Magnesia
Trikala
West Greece
Achaea
Aetolia-Acarnania
Elis
West Macedonia
Florina
Grevena
Kastoria
Kozani
Beyond these one autonomous region exists: Mount Athos
(Agio Oros - Holy Mountain), a monastic state under
Greek sovereignty.
The 51 nomoi subdivide into 147 eparchies (singular
eparchia), which contain 1,033 municipalities and communities:
900 urban municipalities (demoi) and 133 rural communities
(koinotetes). Before 1999, Greece's local government
structure featured 5,775 local authorities: 457 demoi
and 5,318 koinotetes, subdivided into 12,817 localities
(oikosmoi).
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