| Bosnia and Herzegovina
is a triangular mountainous country in the western Balkans
with an estimated population of about 4,000,000 people.
The country is the homeland of its three constitutional
peoples; Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs, and is famous for
its cultural and religious diversity. A citizen of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, regardless of ethnicity, is usually identified
as a Bosnian.
The country borders with Croatia in the west and Serbia
and Montenegro in the east. It is virtually landlocked
save for a small strip of land on the Adriatic sea,
centered around the city of Neum. The capital of the
country is Sarajevo, which is also its largest city.
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Living in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Large population migrations durings the Yugoslav wars
in the 1990s have caused a large demographic shift.
No census was held since 1991 and is not planned for
the near future due to political disagreements. Since
censuses are the only statistical, inclusive, and objective
way to analyze demographics, almost all of the post-war
data is simply an estimate. Most sources, however, estimate
the population at roughly 4 million (representing a
decrease of 350,000 since 1991).
According to the 1991 census, Bosnia and Herzegovina
had a population of 4,354,911. Ethnically, 43.7% were
Muslims (now almost all them declare as Bosniaks), 31.3%
Serbs, and 17.3% Croats, with 5.5% declaring themselves
Yugoslavs.
There is a strong correlation between ethnic identity
and religion: 88% of Croats are Roman Catholics, 90%
of Bosniaks practice Islam, and 93% of Serbs are Orthodox
Christians.
According to 2000 data from the CIA World Factbook,
Bosnia and Herzegovina is ethnically 48% Bosniak, 37.1%
Serb, 14.3% Croat, 0.6% other.
The major cities are the capital Sarajevo, Banja Luka
in the northwest region known as Bosanska Krajina, Tuzla
in the northeast and Mostar, the capital of Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is divided into the Federation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska.
The district of Brcko is part of both entities.
The Federation is further divided into ten cantons
(each subdivided into municipalities):
Una-Sana
Posavina
Tuzla
Zenica-Doboj
Bosnian Podrinje
Central Bosnia
Herzegovina-Neretva
West Herzegovina
Sarajevo
Canton 10
The RS is divided into municipalities which are grouped
into seven regions:
Banja Luka
Bijeljina
Doboj
Foca
Sarajevo-Romanija (or Sokolac)
Trebinje
Vlasenica
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